Day with Lafayette in Vermont 



Jay Read Pember 



A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 



Jay Read Pember 

Woodstock 



The Elm Tree Press Woodstock Vermont 
1912 




LAFAYETTE 
By courtesy of Scribner's Magazine 

From the painting by Samuel F. B. Morse, 1825, in the Mayor's Reception 
Room, City Hall, New York 



A Day with Lafayette in 
Vermont 



The tour of General Lafayette across the State of 
Vermont from Windsor to Burlington, nearly fifty years after 
the Declaration of Independence and the appointment of the 
young French marquis by the Continental Congress, in his 
twentieth year, as a Major General in the army of the Revo- 
lution, was an event which, without doubt, brought more 
people, young and old, to the line of the olden time stage 
thoroughfare from Boston to Montreal through central 
Vermont than any other event before or since. Between 
five and eight thousand people are said to have gathered at 
Windsor, in the early morning of June twenty-eighth, to 
meet the State's invited guest. At Woodstock, from hill and 
valley, there turned out a great throng of people in holiday 
parade and banquet and welcome. About every inhabitant 
of the town of Barnard was at the " Akins Inn " on the old 
turnpike in the early afternoon. A line of mounted trumpet- 
ers heralded the approach to Royalton village. A great 
company met the cavalcade at East Randolph and more at 
Brackett's Tavern, the three-story brick " castle " at Ran- 
dolph Center. Vermont's capital and capitol grounds were 
under grand illumination. And all the military review, 



4 A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 

speeches of welcome and response, banquets, cannonade and 
formal greetings in eighty miles distance by special convey- 
ances from beyond the border to the capital made one 
memorable day in Vermont. 

The Marquis de Lafayette was a conspicuous per- 
sonage in the affairs of his native country. Just before the 
battle of Waterloo he was vice president of the National 
Assembly. He retained the respect and confidence of his 
native France, king, courtiers and citizens alike, longer than 
any other citizen of that great nation of varying enthusiasms. 
His reception in the United States in 1824-5 was the 
grandest ovation ever given by the young Republic. He 
stood next to Washington in the affections of the American 
people. Five years after his last visit to America and four 
years before his death, he took up the command of the 
National Guard of France, and was the acknowledged 
leader of the brief revolution of 1 830 which unseated the 
French king and secured the throne to Louis Philippe, under 
a constitutional monarchy, instead of to himself, as doubtless 
he might have done, according to some historians. 

The Marquis Marie Jean Paul Roche Yves Gilbert 
Motier Lafayette, accompanied by his son, George Wash- 
ington Lafayette, and his secretary, Mons. Le Vasseur, 
having breakfasted at Concord, N. H., Monday, June 27, 
1825, arrived at Chase's Tavern in Claremont, N. H., 
accompanied by a committee of the New Hampshire Legis- 
lature and by Colonel Cushman and Colonel Austin, aids 
from the staff of Governor Van Ness. Ten days previously, 
June 17, 1825, on the fiftieth anniversary of the battle of 
Bunker Hill, the corner stone of the Bunker Hill monument 



A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 5 

was laid. The procession of citizens on that memorable 
occasion stretched from Boston Common to Charlestown 
Bridge. The oration of Webster has been memorable ever 
since. The impressive rite at the monument was performed 
by the Grand Master of Free Masons, the President of the 
Monument Association and General Lafayette. The laying 
of this corner-stone and the laying of the corner-stone of the 
University of Vermont a few days later are thus linked 
together. 

The late hour of arrival at Claremont at ten o'clock in 
the evening was a disappointing delay to the gunners in 
charge of the waiting cannon. The entourage was met at 
Claremont by Major General Mower and aids and a dele- 
gation from the committee of arrangements at Windsor. 

At 7.30 Tuesday morning, June 28, Lafayette and 
suite crossed Cornish bridge and were received in Vermont 
by the committee of arrangements and by Gen. Asaph 
Fletcher, sheriff of Windsor County, marshal of the day, 
and his five assistants. A salute of fifteen guns was fired, 
bells were rung, the troops saluted, and the air rang with 
cheers. The honored guest was welcomed in behalf of the 
citizens of Windsor by Hon. Horace Everett, of Windsor, 
in a brief address, gracefully acknowledged in response. 



PROCESSION 

Gen. Asaph Fletcher Jr., of Weathersfield, Sheriff of 
Windsor County, Chief Marshal 

Assisted by Col. L. Bowen, I. Gregory, T. Boynton, J. P. 
Skinner and V. B. Horton, Aids 



6 A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 

MILITARY ESCORT, in UNIFORM 

Jefferson Artillery, Windsor, Capt.L. Lull 

Rifle Company, Hartland, Capt. J. Kelley 

Light Infantry Company, IVeathersfield, Capt. Clement 

Under command of 

LIEUT. -COL. STIMSON OF NORWICH 

Assisted by Adjt. George Wetherhy of Hartland 

Springfield Brass Band 

Committee of Arrangements, in carriage 

Marshal GENERAL LAFAYETTE Marshal 

In open carriage 
Attended by aids of Gov. Van Ness; followed by suite of 
Lafayette in carriages 
Lieut. Governor and Members of Council 
Secretary of State and Speaker of House of Representa- 
tives 
Revolutionary Soldiers (about 75), General Officers and 
Suite, Officers of Army and Navy in uniform, 
Numbering about two hundred 
Members of Masonic Fraternity, Clergy, Students of 
Colleges and Cadets 

March to Pettes' Coffee House 
Reception by Gov. Van Ness on elevated platform In front of House 
Speech of Hon. Horace Everett, of Windsor, and Response of Gen. 

Lafayette 
The reply of Lafayette was received with prolonged cheers. The 

assembly was estimated to number between 5000 and 8000 

Breakfast with Gov. Van Ness, principal officers who conducted 

ceremonies, clergy and citizens 




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A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 



Introduction to Revolutionary Soldiers 

Introduction to Citizens 

" Every window which commanded a view of the procession reflected 

the beauty of the Fair of the North, eager to offer some 

token of respect and welcome " 

From Windsor to Woodstock Gen. Lafayette and suite were brought 

in a carriage drawn by six white horses, a finely groomed 

and equipped cortege from Woodstock, accompanied 

by the Committee of Arrangements and visiting 

dignitaries 

Reaching Woodstock about eleven o'clock in the forenoon, with 

unfavorable weather, it having rained most of the forenoon, 

the formal procession was formed near Mr. E. King's 

under Chief Marshal Lieut. Col. Ransom 

assisted by Capt. G. W. Rice 

PROCESSION 

Military Escort in Uniform 

Woodstock Light Infantry, Capt. B. F. Mower 

Pomfret Rifle Company, Capt. Snow 

Two Companies WoodstocI^ Infantry 

Capt. Richmond and Capt. ParJ^er 

Salute by Capt. Warner's Company of Artillery from 

Barnard 

Marshal, Sheriff and Escort 

LAFA YETTE and Suite 

in open barouche 

Gov. Van Ness and Suite and Committee of 

Arrangements in carriages 

Assistant Marshal, Revolutionary Soldiers 
and Citizens in line 



8 A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 

The procession moved from King's Corner up Pleasant 
Street to the White Meeting House. A most elegant and 
extensive triumphal arch, tastefully dressed with shrubbery 
and evergreen, was thrown across Elm Street, near the 
Meeting House, having about two feet above the cap-stone 
of the arch the name of Lafayette in large gilt letters upon 
both sides. This was the special design of George P. 
Marsh, then a recent graduate from Dartmouth and just 
entering the practice of law from his father's office in Wood- 
stock, afterwards to attain high station and honors. A part 
of the military escort was drawn up along the north side 
of what is now Tribou Park. From Elm Street the 
procession proceeded along the north side and around 
the west end of the " Green," to a station opposite the 
site of the old Eagle Hotel, where a platform had been 
erected, ornamented by arches and festoons of evergreen and 
flowers. Here an address of welcome was made by Titus 
Hutchinson, Esq., chairman of the Committee of Arrange- 
ments, elected that year one of the judges of the Supreme 
Court of Vermont. The felicitations of Lafayette in 
response were brief, alluding to the prosperity observed here 
and everywhere in Ameriea, and to the interest which Ver- 
mont had shown in the scenes of the Revolution and to the 
men, so many of whom survived in a state still young and 
thinly settled. The distinguished guests of the day were 
then tendered refreshments at Barker's Hotel. Mr. Robert 
Barker was then proprietor of the line of coaches running 
between Woodstock and Randolph Center, with four and 
six horses to each coach, making eight and ten miles an hour 
over the old turnpike, by the Winslow Stand, Aiken's 
Tavern and the old Fox Stand, up hill and down hill, with 



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A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 



no brakes, three times a week, carrying the mail between 
Boston and Burlington. 

After refreshments, the General and his son and sec- 
retary were conducted to the Meeting House, where about 
two hundred ladies and a small delegation of men were 
assembled, and the General was introduced by the Chairman 
of the Committee, and passed through the several aisles, 
bowing his acknowledgements to the ladies, and hurriedly 
repaired to the escort of the skilled reinsman of the six white 
steeds of the morning, and were speeded away over the 
turnpike to Barnard and Royalton, accompanied by Ver- 
mont's highest state officer and members of his staff. 

Along the highland line of travel over the Barnard 
hills, where there stretches out a magnificent broad landscape 
to the north and beyond the hills, in the leaf and foliage of 
a mid-day in June, the progress of the carriages was stopped, 
and their occupants found that Aikens, of the old Aiken 
Stand, had gathered pretty much the whole population of 
Barnard in greeting and glad welcome to the nation's guest. 
Whether Aikens kept the best of Flemish wane is not cer- 
tainly known, but it is quite probable that the hostlers 
brought water to the six white steeds while he of the whip 
got down from the driver's seat to sample the vintage of mine 
host Aikens in honor of the custom of those days, while the 
veterans of '76 were shaking hands with the friend of 
Washington and the friend of America in arms. 

Elijah Aikens, or as the tavern sign spelled the name at 
the time, " E. Akins ", was first selectman of Barnard, and 
was very zealous and successful in enlisting the whole town in 
a big demonstration. He was assisted by the other selectmen 
of the town, Capt. John S. Bicknell, ( " old Captain Bick " ) 



JO A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 

and Ebenezer Richmond. It was a great day for Barnard. 
And it was a great day for " E. Akins " , for Barnard sent 
him to represent the town at the next session of the Legis- 
lature. It was also a great day for Elisha Chamberlin, 
Nathaniel Stevens and Jasper Richmond, for they manned 
the gun, the pride of Barnard's artillery company, which was 
then in its prime, said to have been commanded at that time 
by Capt. ApoUos Warner, whose portly physique gave him 
the name of " Capt. Pod." It is reported that Lafayette 
complimented the gunners, saying, " That is a smart gun and 
is well handled." 

About two miles from the village of Royalton the escort 
of Lafayette was met by the Tunbridge cavalry company, 
commanded by Captain Eaton. Royalton was reached about 
2 P. M., and the arrival was announced by a national salute 
fired by a band of revolutionary patriots. 

The Tunbridge cavalry company, numbering one hun- 
dred and three men, equipped with new uniforms, must have 
presented quite a striking appearance as they lined up on 
Barnard hill about two miles from Royalton as escort to 
Royalton, with their bright red coats, ornamented with braid 
and brass buttons, tall caps wath stiff blue and white plumes, 
blue pants, white vests, with their swords glistening in the 
sunlight. A coat and cap and sword worn by one of the 
cavalrymen is still preserved in Tunbridge, and the wine glass 
from which the General drank a glass of wine, passed out 
by the man at the toll gate bar, Mr. Williams, who doubtless 
permitted the six white horses to pass without challenge, is 
preserved in Royalton. 

A large concourse of citizens had been formed in pro- 
cession, under the direction of Oel Billings, father of Hon. 



A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 1 1 

Frederick Billings, later of Woodstock. Under the marshal- 
ing of Mr. Billings and several assistant marshals, with two 
small lads, not quite six years old, at the head, one of whom 
was Dudley Chase Denison, later one of the most prominent 
attorneys of Windsor county and member of Congress from 
Vermont, the procession moved to the front of Colonel 
Smith's hotel, now the Cascadnac House, and formed in an 
extensive square. General Lafayette appeared at the open 
portico and was introduced to the Committee. 

The address of welcome was made by Jacob CoUa- 
mer, then an attorney in practice at Royalton and afterwards 
a judge of the Supreme Court, resident at Woodstock, and 
Postmaster General in the cabinet of President Taylor. 

It is reported that the future jurist of the highest state 
court, in his words of welcome, made allusion to the " thrill 
of pleasure which, at your condescending visit, vibrates with 
electric rapidity and sympathetic orison to the most obscure 
and remote recesses and extremities of our nation." The 
tradition is that after this vibration the General required a 
trifle of refreshment at the end of the next mile, the old Fox 
Stand, the old road-house still standing at North Royalton, 
but this may be uncertain. 

About twenty Revolutionary soldiers were introduced 
at Royalton. Each soldier, after shaking hands with 
Lafayette, stepped back a few paces and discharged his 
musket in salute. One unfortunate veteran, whose gun missed 
fire, is said to have suffered a mortification from which he 
never quite recovered. General Lafayette exhibited here 
and at other gatherings along the route a remarkable faculty 
of remembering and calling by name these soldiers whom he 
met. 



12 A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 

An exquisite glimpse of memory is preserved from the 
pen of Mrs. Harriet Collamer Johnson, of Woodstock, then 
a little girl in the Collamer home at Royalton. 

" Of all the pictures that hang on memory's walls none 
is more vivid to me today than the scene of Lafayette's visit 
to my native village. I stood holding my mother's hand, in 
the front door of my old homestead, and saw a carriage 
drawn by six white horses with a venerable gentleman 
bowing right and left to the crowd." 

At the village of East Randolph the Tunbridge cav- 
alry were still on parade as escort, and it is believed that 
there was an address of welcome by Rev. Wilbur Fisk, 
which could hardly have been made without response by the 
honored guest. Some of the old soldiers must have been 
there to take his hand. Mr. Abner Waldo was specially 
remembered as one. It is certain that many of those present 
have told their children what a " big time " they had. But 
no formal account of the addresses or proceedings can be 
found. 

At Randolph Center, at the old-time Brackett Tavern, 
still standing, a large company gathered, and Lafayette 
appeared upon the roof of the great porch upon the west 
front of the three-story brick castle and briefly acknowledged 
his noisy welcome. It was, of course, in the time of militia 
companies, and the old gunhouse was still standing at the 
corner of the Common east of the Meetinghouse, with its 
gun carriage and cannon and rare old trappings of the horses 
and the gray painted canvass-covered round-topped powder 
wagon ( or more correctly a two-wheeled cart, with heavy 
shafts, for single horse ). One may be sure that the gun car- 
riage was unlimbered on this occasion and that the cannon 




THE OLD FOX STAND, NORTH ROYALTON 



A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 13 

made itself heard. It is said that General Lafayette had a 
special remembrance and desire to meet Mr. Lebbeus 
Edgerton, one of the old soldiers, then living in the brick 
house just opposite the castle, afterwards Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor of Vermont. Rufus Nutting was at this time the pre- 
ceptor of the Orange County Grammar School, and the 
students of this venerable old academy were drawn up in 
line in front of the school building, and the General passed 
down the line of students, as in review, and in that line was 
Justin S. Morrill, of Strafford, so many years the honored 
senator from Vermont, who had not yet thought out the 
agricultural college appropriations which owe their existence 
to him. Dudley Chase, later member of Congress from 
Vermont, was a leading member of the Orange County bar 
and living in the fine old colonial residence across the street 
from Brackett's, with the small law office building, then in 
line with the house. 

It is said that one sturdy young farmer, descendant 
from one of the victims of the Royalton raid of 1 780, 
created quite a bit of merriment in the crowd by inviting the 
General, if he ever came that way again, to come and take 
dinner at his house, adding that "Aunt Silvia has never seen 
the bottom of the pork barrel yet " . Many a guest at the 
old tavern in later years, summer guests at the " Maple- 
wood " , assigned to the north-west front chamber, has 
fancied a night of rest in the room that Lafayette occupied, 
but which it is doubtful if he ever occupied for ten minutes 
at a time. Indeed, if all the traditions could be believed, the 
General had dinner at four different taverns that day and 
spent the night at three different places and was " enter- 
tained " at several other road-houses on the way. 



14 A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 

It is claimed by one correspondent that the General 
returned to East Randolph, and from there proceeded on to 
Barre and Montpelier. But this seems hardly probable, in 
view of the long distance actually traveled that day and the 
fact that to visit the Brackett tavern made the party three 
miles extra travel, and to return vv^ould add still three more ; 
and still more improbable is it, for Hon. Warren C. French, 
of Woodstock, one of the leading attorneys for many years 
at the Windsor County bar, then a young boy at his father's 
home a mile north of Randolph Center, often related his 
seeing the two covered carriages go by his home when it 
was known that Lafayette was speeding north. 

Lafayette and suite, with Governor Van Ness and his 
aids, were met at Barre by the committee of arrangements 
from Montpelier, at about eight o'clock in the evening 
and escorted to Montpelier, where they were received by a 
military escort, the Washington Artillery Company, Captain 
Joseph Somerby, the Montpelier Light Infantry, Capt. Daniel 
Baldwin, the Berlin Infantry, Captain Taplin, and a Company 
of Montpelier boys, about fourteen years of age, Capt. E. P. 
Walton, a long time resident of Montpelier and a member 
of Congress from Vermont. The boys were assigned to the 
post of honor as body-guards of the General and his suite, 
and the artillery company was organized and served as body- 
guard of the Governor. The guests of the evening were 
escorted to the Academy grounds and back to State street 
and through State street to the State House, where the 
General, the Governor and his suite were presented at the 
balcony. The grounds in front of the State House and the 
windows and balconies of many buildings were brilliantly 
illuminated, the streets were crowded, the military were 




THE CASCADNAC HOUSE, ROYALTON 



A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 15 

parading, and the air was charged with enthusiastic 
welcome. After some light refreshments, there was an 
address of greeting by Hon. Elijah Paine, then judge of the 
United States Court for the District of Vermont. One para- 
graph of the address may well be inserted here. 

"When you left this country after the war of the 
revolution, the State of Vermont had but just begun to have 
a name. At that time almost the whole state was a wilder- 
ness. Yet we are proud of some of the feats performed in 
that war by the arms of Vermont. We count upon ourselves 
as principals in the capture of a whole British army under 
Burgoyne. 

" The State of Vermont cannot show you large towns 
and cities ; but it can show you what is perhaps of as much 
consequence. It can show you a sober, substantial, intelli- 
gent and well informed yeomanry." 

General Lafayette, in response, alluded to the victory 
of Bennington and to Vermont as the theatre of a most 
important event, and in closing remarked : — 

" Sir, I have now accomplished one of the greatest 
objects of my life ; I have visited the twenty-four states of 
the Union ; I have been the happy witness of the immense, 
rapid and ever increasing results of Independence, Republi- 
can institutions and self government. And you. Sir, and all of 
you whom I have the pleasure to address, I most cordially 
congratulate on the public and domestic happiness which is 
enjoyed by the citizens of Vermont ; and I beg you to accept 
my affectionate and respectful thanks." 

The address and the reception in Representative Hall 
occurred at about ten o'clock in the evening. There was 
also a review of the military companies and a banquet, with 



16 A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 

toasts, etc., at the dining hall of the earlier Pavilion, then kept 
by Mr. Solomon Mann, where the present Pavilion now 
stands. The dining hall was decked with inscriptions, ever- 
greens at the windows, and festoons of roses. The follow- 
ing toast was given by Lafayette : — 

" Vermont, Montpelier and the Green Mountains, from 
which was early echoed and valiantly supported the Repub- 
lican cry for Independence and Freedom. May its happy 
results be more and more enjoyed by the sons of the Green 
Mountains." 

Upon the followang morning, Wednesday, June 29, the 
General was again escorted to the Academy, where the 
ladies of Montpelier held a reception. The ladies were 
represented in an address of welcome to the General by Mrs. 
Erastus Watrous. Another account says that this occurred 
at the Congregational Church. On behalf of the ladies, the 
General was greeted " with a cordial welcome to our coun- 
try, our homes and our hearts. " The General responded 
very briefly and made special acknowledgement of the words 
of Mrs. Watrous, the recollection of which would ever be 
pleasant to him. 

More greetings took place between the General and 
old soldiers of the Revolution, \ni\i expressions of deep feeling 
on the part of the distinguished visitor. 

With his numerous escort of the morning, the proces- 
sion passing up the street to the Onion River bridge and 
down State street, the General with his suite left Montpelier 
amidst the waving of handkerchiefs by the ladies and the 
repeated adieus of the men. 

One of the incidents of the reception at Montpelier is 
related by Admiral George Dewey, which is that his 



A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 17 

father, Hon. Julius Y. Dewey, then a young man taking note 
of the doings of the day, with his companions, used often to 
tell the story of Lafayette's query of this or that old soldier, 
as the veterans were introduced : . . . " Are you married ? " 
" Yes." " Ah, happy man." "And you, my friend, are you 
married?" "No." " Lucky fellow." And this was many 
years before Americans ever heard of Abraham Lincoln, of 
whom the same story was often told. Doubtless some great 
Roman or Egyptian may have indulged in the same sly 
humor a thousand years ago. 

General Lafayette not only gave cordial greeting to 
many of the surviving patriots of the Revolution, in the 
journey through Vermont, but sought out and inquired for 
other remembered ones. 

One incident connected with this Vermont tour of 
honor should not be omitted here. By virtue of one of those 
uncivil and uncivilizing statutes of a by-gone century, an old 
soldier in the army of Freedom and Independence, companion 
in arms with Lafayette, venerable in years. Gen. William 
Barton, instead of receiving a pension from his native state 
or country, was cast into prison at Danville, Vermont, for 
debt, and not being able to raise " the uttermost farthing " , 
had been kept in jail for thirteen or fourteen years. It not 
being convenient for General Barton to leave Danville, he 
made request to Gen. Isaac Fletcher of Lyndon to present 
his salutations to Lafayette, whose inquiries of General 
Fletcher elicited the information as to the situation of his 
friend in confinement, the result of which was that Lafayette, 

William Barton, a native of Rhode Island, by a bold exploit made a captive of 
the person of the British General Prescott, upon the night of July 10, 1777. For 
this daring feat Congress presented him with a sword and he was made a brevet 
colonel. He received a grant of land in Vermont. 



18 A Day with Lafayette in Vermont 

from on board the Brandywine, before returning to France, 
wrote to General Fletcher, enclosing a draft to pay the sums 
due or demanded by General Barton's creditor, and allowing 
the Vermont captive to retum to his family in Rhode Island, 
in the seventy-seventh year of his age. Times have happily 
changed in Vermont. 

Upon much broader and higher considerations, how- 
ever, than this gift to one defender of the country's flag, 
never repaid to the giver, the tour of Lafayette in the United 
States, in the splendid rekindling of the patriotic spirit of the 
whole country, was of grandly immense value to the nation 
at large. 

The laying of the comer stone of the south college 
building of the University of Vermont by General Lafayette, 
and the reception and splendid entertainment at Burlington, 
and the trip to Whitehall, New York, make the story of 
another day. 

In the corridor of the new Pavilion at Montpelier may 
be seen a bronze tablet, in commemoration of the visit of 
Lafayette, bearing this inscription : 

MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE 

PASSED THE NIGHT OF JUNE 28TH. 1825 

IN THE OLD PAVILION 

WHICH STOOD HERE 

THIS TABLET IS ERECTED BY 

THE MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE CHAPTER 

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 

1903 




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